By Sayed Salahuddin
KABUL (Reuters) - Land-locked Afghanistan on Monday said a transit deal with neighbouring Pakistan that finally gives it access to the sea and markets in India was a major move towards developing the region and boosting commerce.
The agreement, signed late on Sunday, also won enthusiastic support from the United States, which hopes it will bring the two closer to fight militants operating on both sides of the border and help counter the Taliban-led insurgency in Afghanistan.
"(President Hamid) Karzai ... congratulated people of both countries on the signing of the agreement and called it a major step for the regional trade and for the path of its development," his office said in a statement following the signing of the pact late on Sunday.
Afghanistan has long demanded its trucks be allowed to transport goods to India through Pakistan via the sensitive Wagah land route. It also gives it access to the sea, an Afghan official said.
Pakistan has fought several wars with India and remains deeply suspicious of its larger neighbour. Critics accuse Islamabad of treating Afghanistan as "strategic depth" in case of further conflict.
The Pakistani government said the transit trade deal would, in turn, allow Pakistan to export its goods to Central Asia through Afghanistan. However, it said India would not be allowed to use the Pakistani land route for trading with Afghanistan.
"It has been agreed that no Indian export to Afghanistan will be allowed through Wagah," the Pakistani commerce ministry said in a statement, referring to the border crossing between Pakistani city of Lahore and India's Amritsar.
A U.S. embassy statement called the transit deal one of the most important achievements between the two countries in nearly 50 years and their most significant bilateral economic treaty.
It needs to be ratified by both parliaments.
More exports would help Karzai counter a Taliban insurgency by improving economic conditions, an important goal for Washington as it looks ahead to President Barack Obama's July 2011 target date to begin withdrawing U.S. troops.
Almost 50 percent of Afghanistan's trade is with its five neighbours -- Pakistan, Iran, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Trade between Afghanistan and Pakistan is worth more than $1 billion (654.4 million pound) annually.
The deal comes ahead of an international conference in Kabul on Tuesday at which donor countries and Karzai's government will try to chart a path forward for the conflict-torn country. Afghanistan hopes its strategic geographic position will make it a regional transit hub for trade with Central Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and China, if the country becomes stable.
U.S. officials say the new deal will reduce average transit costs between the two countries by half, lower import costs and make exports more competitive, along with helping employment prospects on both sides of the border.
(Additional reporting by Zeeshan Haider; Editing by Chris Allbritton and Jonathan Thatcher)
